Learn
Certificate fundamentals
How TLS/SSL Certificates Work
A practical guide to TLS certificates: the handshake, certificate chains, public/private keys, and what's actually inside a certificate.
Certificate Types Explained: DV, OV, EV, Self-Signed, and Wildcard
Understand the differences between DV, OV, EV, self-signed, wildcard, and SAN certificates -- when to use each, what they cost, and how trust works.
RSA vs ECDSA vs Ed25519: Choosing the Right Key Type
A practical comparison of RSA 2048, RSA 4096, ECDSA P-256, ECDSA P-384, and Ed25519 -- performance, security, compatibility, and when to use each.
Self-Signed vs CA-Signed Certificates: When to Use Each
Understand the difference between self-signed and CA-signed SSL certificates. Learn when self-signed certs are the right choice and when you need a certificate authority.
Certificate File Formats: PEM, DER, PKCS#12, and PFX Explained
A developer's guide to SSL certificate file formats. How to identify, convert between, and use PEM, DER, PKCS#12 (.p12/.pfx), PKCS#7, and JKS files.
S/MIME Email Encryption: How to Sign and Encrypt Email
How to use S/MIME certificates to digitally sign and encrypt emails. Covers Outlook, Apple Mail, Thunderbird, and Gmail setup with step-by-step instructions.